@Article{LessCSNVWBDGAKKR:2018:RoHyBi,
               author = "Less, Diani F. S. and Cunha, Alan C. and Sawakuchi, Henrique O. 
                         and Neu, Vania and Val{\'e}rio, Aline de Matos and Ward, Nicholas 
                         D. and Brito, Daimio C. and Diniz, Joel E. M. and Gagne-Maynard, 
                         William and Abreu, Carlos M. and Kampel, Milton and Krusche, Alex 
                         V. and Richey, Jeffrey E.",
          affiliation = "{Universidade Federal do Oeste do Par{\'a} (UFOPA)} and 
                         {Universidade Federal do Amap{\'a} (UFAP)} and {Universidade de 
                         S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and {Universidade Federal Rural da 
                         Amaz{\^o}nia (UFRAM)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Pacific Northwest National Laboratory} and 
                         {Universidade do Estado do Amap{\'a} (UEAP)} and {Universidade 
                         Federal do Amap{\'a} (UFAP)} and {Pacific Northwest National 
                         Laboratory} and {Universidade Federal do Amap{\'a} (UFAP)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and {University of 
                         Washington}",
                title = "The role of hydrodynamic and biogeochemistry on CO2 flux and pCO2 
                         at the Amazon River mouth",
              journal = "Biogeosciences Discussions",
                 year = "2018",
               volume = "2018",
               number = "465",
                month = "Dec.",
             abstract = "Recent estimates indicate that the lower Amazon River outgasses 
                         significant amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) that was not 
                         previously accounted for the global inland water carbon budget. 
                         Detailed evaluation of seasonal variability and 10 controlling 
                         mechanisms behind the CO2 fluxes in this large and complex area 
                         remains incomplete. Previous observations throughout the Amazon 
                         basin showed that higher CO2 fluxes (FCO2) and partial pressure of 
                         CO2 (pCO2) occur during high water and higher wind intensity 
                         seasons. The influence of wind and water speed, depth of water 
                         column, as well as respiration of allochthonous and autochthonous 
                         organic matter, are frequently assigned as the main control 
                         variables. Here, we assess the influence of a set of 
                         biogeochemical and hydrodynamic parameters on the seasonal 
                         variation of FCO2 and 15 pCO2 near the Amazon River mouth. FCO2, 
                         pCO2 and biogeochemical and hydrologic analyses were carried out 
                         from 2010 to 2016 during four different hydrological periods per 
                         year (N=25) in the North Channel of the Amazon River mouth. FCO2 
                         and pCO2 were used as dependent variables and analyzed against 33 
                         biogeochemical, hydrodynamic and meteorological parameters along 
                         the hydrological seasons. The highest FCO2 and pCO2 was obtained 
                         at high discharge season (11.28 ± 7.82 \μmol m- ² s-1 and 
                         (4575 ± 429 \μatm, respectively) when most of these 
                         parameters tend to be higher. Among the 33 parameters 20 analyzed, 
                         the significant correlations with FCO2 and pCO2 (p<0.05) observed 
                         were for water and air temperatures, dissolved oxygen, dissolved 
                         organic carbon, nitrate, dissolved inorganic nitrogen and pH. 
                         These variables could be considered suitable predictors for 
                         estimating pCO2 and FCO2 in the Amazon River mouth area. For a 
                         better estimation and understanding of carbon budgets in tropical 
                         rivers it is still required to verify and to quantify more deeply 
                         the relationship among CO2 evasion and others hydrodynamic, 
                         meteorological and biogeochemical variables.",
                  doi = "10.5194/bg-2018-465",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-2018-465",
                 issn = "1810-6277",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "less-role.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "02 maio 2024"
}